Coronaviruses are a type of virus. There are many different kinds, and some cause disease. A newly identified type has caused a recent outbreak of respiratory illness now called COVID-19. As of now, researchers know that the new coronavirus is spread through droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The droplets generally do not travel more than a few feet, and they fall to the ground (or onto surfaces) in a few seconds — this is why social and physical distancing is effective in preventing the spread.
Data has shown that it spreads from person to person among those in close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters). The virus spreads by respiratory droplets released when someone infected with the virus coughs, sneezes or talks.
COVID-19 symptoms can be very mild to severe. Some people have no symptoms. Mild symptoms may include fever, fatigue, cough, sore throat, headache, and decreased sense of smell or taste. More severe symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, severe vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms may appear two to 14 days after exposure.
Diagnosis may be difficult with only a physical exam because mild cases of COVID-19 may appear similar to the flu or a bad cold. A laboratory test can confirm the diagnosis. As of now, there is not a specific treatment for the virus. People who become sick from COVID-19 should be treated with supportive measures: those that relieve symptoms. For severe cases, there may be additional options for treatment, including research drugs and therapeutics.
The CDC recommends wearing cloth face coverings in public places, such as the grocery store, where it's difficult to avoid close contact with others. It's especially suggested in areas with ongoing community spread. This updated advice is based on data showing that people with COVID-19 can transmit the virus before they realize they have it. Using masks in public may help reduce the spread from people who don't have symptoms. Non-medical cloth masks are recommended for the public. Surgical masks and N-95 respirators are in short supply and should be reserved for health care providers.
If you develop symptoms and you've been exposed to the virus COVID-19, contact your doctor for medical advice. If you need to go to the doctor or hospital, call ahead so health care providers can take steps to ensure that others aren't exposed.
Take the following precautions to avoid spreading the illness:
- Stay home from work, school and public areas, except to get medical care.
- Avoid taking public transportation if possible.
- Wear a mask around other people.
- Isolate yourself as much as possible from others in your home.
- Use a separate bedroom and bathroom if possible.
- Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, bedding and other household items.